Phantom limb pain is associated with poorer self-reported mobility among adults with unilateral lower-limb loss; however, the relationship between phantom limb pain and mobility remains understudied after bilateral lower-limb loss. This study's objective was to compare self-reported and performance-based mobility between age-matched adults with and without phantom limb pain after bilateral lower-limb loss. Surprisingly, findings indicate performance-based mobility was better among adults with phantom limb pain when compared to that of their pain-free peers, indicating the relationship between phantom limb pain and mobility may differ between adults with unilateral versus bilateral lower-limb loss.

A new prosthetic foot with polycentric ankle has been developed. Here we report of structural and performance based mechanical tests and draw comparisons to currently available feet.

The paper will present a number of case studies to demonstrate how the requirements for medical necessity in the policies of Payers can be met for individual patients. It will also give background information on what facts and documentation medical staff of insurances expects from CPOs to approve claims for advanced prosthetic and orthotic technology.